What should you test your well water for?
Most health agencies recommend testing a private well at least once a year for total coliform bacteria, and periodically for nitrates and other contaminants common in your area. Local geology and nearby land use decide the extras: arsenic, manganese, lead, radon, PFAS, or contaminants from farming or drilling.
How to do it
- Every year: total coliform bacteria (and E. coli if coliform is present).
- Every few years: nitrates, pH, hardness, iron and manganese.
- Ask your county health department or extension office which local contaminants to add.
- Retest after flooding, well repairs, or any change in taste, color or smell.
- Use a state-certified lab and follow its sampling instructions exactly.
What to avoid
- Don't collect bacteria samples from a hose, outside tap or a faucet with an aerator still on.
- Don't use a test kit past its hold time. Bacteria samples usually must reach the lab within about a day.
Certified labs
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